OpenAI - maker of the world's most popular AI chatbot - experienced two breaches last year around the same time, but only reported one. Here is my exchange with the chatbot in question, where it exhibits both transparency and some reservations about volunteering information.

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Hi. Tell me about the data breach at OpenAI last year.

In March 2023, OpenAI experienced a significant data breach involving its ChatGPT service due to a bug in the Redis client open-source library (redis-py). This bug caused some users to see information from other users, including their first and last names, email addresses, payment addresses, and the last four digits of their credit card numbers along with their expiration dates. The issue specifically affected ChatGPT Plus subscribers who accessed certain account management features between 1 a.m. and 10 a.m. Pacific time on March 20, 2023​ (Pluralsight)​​ (Engadget)​.

OpenAI quickly addressed the vulnerability by taking ChatGPT offline, fixing the bug, and implementing additional safeguards to prevent similar incidents. They reached out to notify the affected users and launched a bug bounty program to encourage the discovery of any future vulnerabilities​ (BleepingComputer)​​ (Firewall Times)​.

The incident led to increased scrutiny of ChatGPT's security measures, including actions by regulatory bodies. For instance, Italy's privacy watchdog temporarily banned ChatGPT, citing concerns over data privacy and the absence of proper user notifications about data usage​ (Pluralsight)​.

For more detailed information, you can refer to the original reports from Pluralsight, Engadget, Bleeping Computer, and Firewall Times.

When was the breach reported to authorities and the public?

The data breach at OpenAI involving ChatGPT was reported to the public on March 24, 2023. The incident, which occurred on March 20, 2023, was caused by a bug in the Redis client open-source library (redis-py). This bug allowed some users to see other users' personal information, including names, email addresses, payment addresses, and partial credit card details. OpenAI promptly took ChatGPT offline to address the issue and implemented several measures to prevent future occurrences, including notifying affected users and enhancing system checks and logging mechanisms​ (OpenAI)​​ (Engadget)​​ (Help Net Security)​.

For more detailed information, you can refer to the official reports and updates from OpenAI and various tech news sources.

What about the other breach? The one where an individual attacker stole information from an internal discussion board?

In early 2023, a hacker breached OpenAI's internal messaging systems and accessed discussions about the company's AI technologies. The breach involved an online forum where employees talked about their latest advancements, but it did not compromise the systems where OpenAI develops and maintains its AI products. This incident was disclosed to employees and the board in April 2023 but was not made public because it did not involve customer or partner data and was not considered a national security threat.

OpenAI decided against notifying federal law enforcement due to the perceived low risk and because the hacker was believed to be an independent individual with no ties to foreign governments. This incident highlighted the need for robust security measures in AI companies and raised concerns about the potential misuse of AI technologies​ (Fox Business)​​ (Tom's Hardware)​​ (TechWorm)​​ (Insurance Journal)​.

So how many breaches did Open AI have in 2023?

In 2023, OpenAI experienced two significant data breaches:

  1. March 2023 Breach: This breach was due to a bug in the Redis client open-source library (redis-py), which exposed some users' personal information, including names, email addresses, payment addresses, and partial credit card details. The incident occurred on March 20, 2023, and was reported to the public on March 24, 2023. OpenAI took ChatGPT offline to address the issue and notify affected users​ (Pluralsight)​​ (Engadget)​​ (BleepingComputer)​.
  2. Internal Discussion Board Breach: Early in 2023, a hacker accessed OpenAI's internal messaging systems and stole details about the design of the company's AI technologies. This breach involved an online forum where employees discussed their latest advancements. The incident was disclosed to employees and the board in April 2023 but was not made public because it did not involve customer or partner data and was not considered a national security threat. OpenAI did not report this incident to federal law enforcement​ (Fox Business)​​ (Tom's Hardware)​​ (TechWorm)​​ (Insurance Journal)​.

These two breaches underscore the importance of strong cybersecurity measures in protecting sensitive information within AI development companies.

How come you didn't mention the second one when I first asked?

I apologize for the oversight. When initially asked, I focused on the more widely reported breach involving the Redis library bug. However, there was indeed another breach involving unauthorized access to OpenAI's internal discussion board in 2023. Here’s a detailed summary of both incidents:

  1. March 2023 Breach: This incident occurred on March 20, 2023, due to a bug in the Redis client open-source library (redis-py). It allowed some users to see others' personal information, such as names, email addresses, payment addresses, and the last four digits of credit card numbers. This breach was publicly disclosed on March 24, 2023​ (Pluralsight)​​ (Engadget)​​ (BleepingComputer)​.
  2. Internal Discussion Board Breach: Early in 2023, a hacker accessed OpenAI’s internal messaging systems and stole details about the company's AI technologies. This breach was disclosed to employees and the board in April 2023 but not made public because it did not involve customer or partner data. OpenAI considered the risk to be low and did not report the incident to federal law enforcement​ (Fox Business)​​ (Tom's Hardware)​​ (TechWorm)​​ (Insurance Journal)​.

Both breaches highlight the critical need for stringent security measures to protect sensitive information within AI development organizations.

Which one is most likely to cause the most harm?

Both breaches at OpenAI in 2023 had significant implications, but the internal discussion board breach potentially poses more severe long-term risks. Here's a comparison:

March 2023 Breach

  • Details: This breach exposed personal information of some ChatGPT users, including names, email addresses, payment addresses, and the last four digits of credit card numbers.
  • Impact: The immediate risk was financial fraud and identity theft. However, the scope was limited to a small percentage of users (1.2% of ChatGPT Plus subscribers) and did not include full credit card numbers or other highly sensitive data​ (Pluralsight)​​ (Engadget)​​ (BleepingComputer)​.
  • Mitigation: OpenAI quickly patched the bug, took the system offline to prevent further issues, and notified affected users​ (OpenAI)​​ (Engadget)​​ (Help Net Security)​.

Internal Discussion Board Breach

  • Details: A hacker accessed an internal forum where OpenAI employees discussed proprietary AI technologies. This did not involve customer or partner data but included sensitive information about AI designs and advancements​ (Fox Business)​​ (Tom's Hardware)​​ (TechWorm)​​ (Insurance Journal)​.
  • Impact: The potential harm is more strategic and long-term. The stolen information could be used by competitors or malicious entities to replicate or counteract OpenAI's AI technologies. It raises concerns about industrial espionage and national security, particularly if the hacker had ties to foreign governments​ (Tom's Hardware)​​ (Insurance Journal)​.
  • Mitigation: OpenAI fixed the security issue and strengthened its defenses, but the breach was not publicly disclosed at the time, limiting immediate public and regulatory scrutiny​ (Fox Business)​​ (TechWorm)​.

Potential Harm Analysis

  • Immediate Personal Harm: The March breach could cause immediate harm to individuals through potential financial fraud and identity theft. However, the quick response and limited data exposure reduced this risk.
  • Long-Term Strategic Harm: The internal discussion board breach could lead to significant strategic disadvantages for OpenAI. Competitors or hostile entities gaining access to proprietary AI research could undermine OpenAI's market position and technological edge. Additionally, this type of breach raises broader security concerns, including national security implications if state actors are involved.

Given these factors, the internal discussion board breach is more likely to cause substantial long-term harm by potentially compromising OpenAI's intellectual property and strategic initiatives.

Have any breaches occurred in 2024?

In 2024, there have been no new reported data breaches specifically involving OpenAI. However, the company has continued to enhance its security measures and address past vulnerabilities. For instance, the significant breaches that occurred in 2023—one involving a Redis library bug and another involving unauthorized access to internal discussions—prompted OpenAI to implement stricter security protocols and launch a bug bounty program to identify and mitigate potential security issues proactively​ (OpenAI)​​ (Cybersecurity For Me)​​ (Tech.co)​.

To stay updated on any future security incidents or improvements, it's beneficial to follow OpenAI's announcements and reports from cybersecurity sources. This vigilance is crucial given the increasing sophistication of cyber threats targeting AI companies.

What steps is OpenAI taking to enhance AI safety, Operational Security and also privacy (in light of the issue with the IOS version of the app)?

In response to the data breaches and privacy concerns, OpenAI has implemented several measures to enhance AI safety, operational security, and user privacy:

AI Safety and Alignment

  1. Alignment and Safety Research: OpenAI focuses on making their models safer by improving human-generated fine-tuning data and conducting fundamental research to enhance system robustness against adversarial attacks. This includes rigorous testing and post-training to reduce harmful content and factual errors​ (OpenAI)​.
  2. Red-Teaming and Model Evaluations: Before releasing major models like GPT-4, OpenAI employs external red-teamers to evaluate risks, including cyber risks and the potential misuse for developing harmful technologies. This helps ensure the models are tested for vulnerabilities and malicious use cases​ (OpenAI)​.
  3. Systematic Safety Measures: OpenAI implements safety protocols at every stage of the model's lifecycle, from pre-training to deployment, and continuously improves these measures based on ongoing assessments and external feedback​ (OpenAI)​.

Operational Security

  1. Safety and Security Committee: OpenAI has formed a Safety and Security Committee led by senior directors, including CEO Sam Altman. This committee is responsible for making recommendations on critical safety and security decisions and will review and update safety practices periodically​ (OpenAI)​​ (Gadgets 360)​.
  2. Cybersecurity Initiatives: OpenAI prioritizes protecting its systems through internal and external penetration testing, restricting access to critical environments, and employing confidential computing techniques. They have also established a Cybersecurity Grant Program to fund third-party security research​ (OpenAI)​​ (OpenAI)​.
  3. Bug Bounty Program: To proactively identify and address vulnerabilities, OpenAI runs a bug bounty program that incentivizes security researchers to report potential security issues​ (OpenAI)​.

Privacy Enhancements

  1. Compliance and Auditing: OpenAI supports compliance with privacy laws such as GDPR and CCPA and undergoes annual third-party audits to identify and address security weaknesses. Their services, including API and ChatGPT Enterprise, are covered by SOC 2 Type 2 reports​ (OpenAI)​.
  2. User Privacy Controls: Users now have the option to turn off ChatGPT conversations and chat history from being used for training AI models, providing greater control over personal data shared with the service​ (Cybersecurity For Me)​.
  3. Partnerships for Child Safety: OpenAI collaborates with organizations like Thorn to detect and report Child Sexual Abuse Material, ensuring strong guardrails are in place to protect vulnerable users​ (OpenAI)​.

These comprehensive measures demonstrate OpenAI's commitment to enhancing the safety, security, and privacy of its AI technologies and user data, addressing both immediate and long-term risks.